In this factorization, formula used:
a^2 + b^2 = (a +b)^2 - 2.a.b
a^2 - b^2 = (a + b) (a - b)
Explanation
81x^4 + 64y^4
\rightarrow\ (9x^2)2 + (8y^2)^2
\rightarrow\ (9x^2 + 8y^2)^2 – 2. 9x^2. 8y^2
\rightarrow\ (9x^2 + 8y^2)^2 – 144x^2y^2
\rightarrow\ (9x^2 + 8y^2)^2 – (12xy)^2
\rightarrow\ (9x^2 + 8y^2 + 12xy) (9x^2 + 8y^2 – 12xy)
Ans: (9x^2 + 12xy + 8y^2) (9x^2 – 12xy + 8y^2).