correct answer is: c) 3\;:\;2 & 7\;:\;3

Explanation

Here, Total examinees is 40.
If 40% examinees failed out of total examinees, then the number of examinees failed is :
\rightarrow\left(40\times\large\frac{40}{100}\right)
\rightarrow 16 examinees.
So that, the total number of examinees pass \left(40-16\right) or 24 examinees.
Then, the ratio of pass and fail is =\;24\;:\;16 or 3\;:\;2\;.
If, 4 more examinees would pass then the new number of examinees passed and failed is :
\rightarrow\left(24+4\right)=28 and \left(16-4\right)=12 .
\therefore The ratio of new pass and fail would be =\;28\;:\;12 or 7\;:\;3\;.
Ans: The ratio of pass and fail is 3\;:\;2, and The ratio of new pass and fail would be 7\;:\;3\;.